Poster con le 8 fasi di traduzione nel linguaggio C

Question

Qualcuno ha un riferimento a un poster/pdf di una pagina o qualcosa di simile con un elenco delle otto fasi di traduzione per il linguaggio C (il primo è la traduzione del trigrafo)? Voglio avere uno stampato appeso al muro accanto al mio pc.

Aggiornamento: Ci scusiamo per aver dimenticato di specificare. Sono interessato a C90 (anche se C99 probabilmente è abbastanza vicino, _Pragma come menzionato nella risposta di pmg è C99 specifico e vorrei evitarlo).

Answer 1

arte ASCII per la vittoria:

     ANSI C translation phases 
         ========================= 

      +-------------------------------------------------+ 
      | map physical characters to source character set | 
      |  replace line terminators with newlines  | 
      |   decode trigraph sequences    | 
      +-------------------------------------------------+ 
            | 
            V 
       +---------------------------------------+ 
       | join lines along trailing backslashes | 
       +---------------------------------------+ 
            | 
            V 
    +-------------------------------------------------------------+ 
    | decompose into preprocessing tokens and whitespace/comments | 
    |      strip comments       | 
    |      retain newlines      | 
    +-------------------------------------------------------------+   
            | 
            V 
      +------------------------------------------------+ 
      | execute preprocessing directives/invoke macros | 
      |    process included files   | 
      +------------------------------------------------+ 
            | 
            V 
    +----------------------------------------------------------------+ 
    | decode escape sequences in character constants/string literals | 
    +----------------------------------------------------------------+ 
            | 
            V 
       +--------------------------------------+ 
       | concatenate adjacent string literals | 
       +--------------------------------------+ 
            | 
            V 
       +------------------------------------------+ 
       | convert preprocessing tokens to C tokens | 
       |  analyze and translate tokens  | 
       +------------------------------------------+ 
            | 
            V 
        +-----------------------------+ 
        | resolve external references | 
        |  link libraries  | 
        |  build program image | 
        +-----------------------------+ 

Answer 2

Quasi diretto da the most current draft of the revised C99 standard; Ho fatto alcune riformattazioni.
Fai una stampa e sei pronto.

5.1.1.2 Translation phases 

1 The precedence among the syntax rules of translation is specified by the following 
phases. (*5) 
    1. Physical source file multibyte characters are mapped, in an implementation 
     defined manner, to the source character set (introducing new-line characters for 
     end-of-line indicators) if necessary. Trigraph sequences are replaced by 
     corresponding single-character internal representations. 
    2. Each instance of a backslash character (\) immediately followed by a new-line 
     character is deleted, splicing physical source lines to form logical source lines. 
     Only the last backslash on any physical source line shall be eligible for being part 
     of such a splice. A source file that is not empty shall end in a new-line character, 
     which shall not be immediately preceded by a backslash character before any such 
     splicing takes place. 
    3. The source file is decomposed into preprocessing tokens (*6) and sequences of 
     white-space characters (including comments). A source file shall not end in a 
     partial preprocessing token or in a partial comment. Each comment is replaced by 
     one space character. New-line characters are retained. Whether each nonempty 
     sequence of white-space characters other than new-line is retained or replaced by 
     one space character is implementation-defined. 
    4. Preprocessing directives are executed, macro invocations are expanded, and 
     _Pragma unary operator expressions are executed. If a character sequence that 
     matches the syntax of a universal character name is produced by token 
     concatenation (6.10.3.3), the behavior is undefined. A #include preprocessing 
     directive causes the named header or source file to be processed from phase 1 
     through phase 4, recursively. All preprocessing directives are then deleted. 
    5. Each source character set member and escape sequence in character constants and 
     string literals is converted to the corresponding member of the execution character 
     set; if there is no corresponding member, it is converted to an implementation-defined 
     member other than the null (wide) character. (*7) 
    6. Adjacent string literal tokens are concatenated. 
    7. White-space characters separating tokens are no longer significant. Each 
     preprocessing token is converted into a token. The resulting tokens are 
     syntactically and semantically analyzed and translated as a translation unit. 
    8. All external object and function references are resolved. Library components are 
     linked to satisfy external references to functions and objects not defined in the 
     current translation. All such translator output is collected into a program image 
     which contains information needed for execution in its execution environment. 

(*5) Implementations shall behave as if these separate phases occur, even though many are typically folded 
    together in practice. Source files, translation units, and translated translation units need not 
    necessarily be stored as files, nor need there be any one-to-one correspondence between these entities 
    and any external representation. The description is conceptual only, and does not specify any 
    particular implementation. 
(*6) Adjacent string literal tokens are concatenated. 
(*7) White-space characters separating tokens are no longer significant. Each 
    preprocessing token is converted into a token. The resulting tokens are 
    syntactically and semantically analyzed and translated as a translation unit.